Copyright: 2023
Pages: 510
ISBN: 9781630819064

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Description

This resource covers basic concepts and modeling examples for the three “pillars” of EW: Electronic Attack (EA) systems, Electronic Protection (EP) techniques, and Electronic Support (ES). It develops techniques for the modeling and simulation (M&S) of modern radar and electronic warfare (EW) systems and reviews radar principles, including the radar equation. M&S techniques are introduced, and example models developed in MATLAB and Simulink are presented and discussed in detail. These individual models are combined to create a full end-to-end engineering engagement simulation between a pulse-Doppler radar and a target. The radar-target engagement model is extended to include jamming models and is used to illustrate the interaction between radar and jamming signals and the impact on radar detection and tracking. In addition, several classic EA techniques are introduced and modeled, and the effects on radar performance are explored. This book is a valuable resource for engineers, scientists, and managers who are involved in the design, development, or testing of radar and EW systems. It provides a comprehensive overview of the M&S techniques that are used in these systems, and the book's many examples and case studies provide a solid foundation for understanding how these techniques can be applied in practice.

Table Of Contents

Foreword
Preface

 

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Basic concepts and terminology
1.2 The M&S pyramid
1.3 Radar M&S
1.4 Concluding Remarks
1.5 References

 

2.0 The Radar Equation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Derivation of the Radar Equation
2.3 MATLAB Model of the Radar Equation
2.4 Simulink Model of the Radar Equation
2.5 Concluding Remarks
2.6 References

 

3.0 Antennas
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Antenna Basics
3.3 Directivity Pattern Basics
3.4 Fields and Frequencies
3.5 Polarization
3.6 Isotropic Antenna Pattern
3.7 Directivity and Gain
3.8 Modeling Approaches
3.9 Fourier Transform Model Approaches
3.10 Fourier Transform Peak Directivity Normalization
3.11 Fourier Transform Model for Antennas That Are Not Arrays

 

4.0 Propagation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Radar Horizon
4.3 Atmospheric Attenuation
4.4 Refraction
4.5 Multipath
4.6 Summary
4.7 References

 

5.0 Radar Cross Section
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Concept of RCS
5.3 Scattering Surfaces
5.4 Scatterer Integration
5.5 Computational Electromagnetics
5.6 Swerling Models
5.7 RCS Table Look-Up
5.8 Concluding Remarks
5.9 References

 

6.0 Clutter
6.1 Introduction
6.2 From Target Models to Clutter Models
6.3 Principles of Area Clutter Modeling
6.4 Land Clutter Backscatter Coefficients
6.5 Land Clutter Backscatter Statistics
6.6 Land Clutter Discretes
6.7 Land Clutter Temporal Correlation
6.8 Site-Specific Clutter
6.9 Sea Clutter
6.10 Volume Clutter
6.11 Clutter Model Results
6.12 Summary
6.13 References

 

7.0 Radar Waveforms
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Taxonomy of Radar Waveforms
7.3 Continuous Wave (CW)
7.4 Pulse Waveforms
7.5 Waveform Generator Model
7.6 Concluding Remarks
7.7 References

 

8.0 Range and Doppler Processing
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Target Velocity and Doppler
8.3 The Fourier Transform
8.4 The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
8.5 Pulse Compression Waveforms
8.6 Range Processing
8.7 Doppler Processing
8.8 Concluding Remarks
8.9 References

 

9.0 Monopulse Processing
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Monopulse Processing of a Two-Element Array
9.3 Extension to an N-Element Array
9.4 A Non-mathematical Description of Monopulse
9.5 Simulink Model of Monopulse Processor
9.6 Concluding Remarks
9.7 References

 

10.0 Transmitter and Receiver Components
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Single-Sideband (SSB) Upconverter
10.3 Amplifiers
10.4 Oscillator Phase Noise
10.5 I/Q Channel Mismatch
10.6 Filtering
10.7 Analog-to-digital Conversion
10.8 Concluding Remarks
10.9 References

 

11.0 Target Detection
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Data Processing and Detector Types
11.3 Noise and Target Statistics
11.4 Detection Figures of Merit (Pd and Pfa) and the Likelihood Ratio
11.5 ROC Curves
11.6 Noncoherent Integration
11.7 Detection Performance for Fluctuating Targets
11.8 CFAR Detectors
11.9 Binary (M-of- N) Detection
11.10 References

 

12.0 Pulse-Doppler & FMCW Signal Processors
12.1 Introduction
12.2 FMCW Processing
12.3 Pulse-Doppler Processing
12.4 Radar Processing Timeline and Swerling Fluctuation Models
12.5 Concluding Remarks
12.6 References

 

13.0 Target Tracking
13.1 Introduction and Basic Terminology
13.2 Radar Tracking Modes
13.3 Tracking Initiation and Management Process
13.4 Tracking M&S Considerations
13.5 Modeling Examples
13.6 Concluding Remarks
13.7 References

 

14.0 Engagement Geometry
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Coordinate Systems and their Transformations
14.3 Truth Calculation of Radar Observables
14.4 Simulink Model of Target Generator
14.5 Concluding Remarks
14.6 References

 

15.0 Engagement Simulation
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Extending the Radar Equation Model
15.3 Initial Engagement Model
15.4 Full Engagement Model
15.5 Example Single Radar vs. Single Target Engagement
15.6 Concluding Remarks
15.7 References

 

16.0 M&S of EA
16.1 Introduction
16.2 EA Concepts
16.3 Coherent Repeater EA
16.4 Engagement Simulation with Coherent Repeater EA
16.5 Noise EA
16.6 Engagement Simulation with Noise EA
16.7 Concluding Remarks
16.8 References

 

17.0 M&S of EP
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Antenna EP Concepts
17.3 Modeling of Antenna EP
17.4 Adaptive Beamforming
17.5 Concluding Remarks
17.6 References

 

18.0 M&S of ES
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Instantaneous Frequency Measurement (IFM) Modeling
18.3 Generic ES Processor Modeling
18.4 Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) Modeling
18.5 Concluding Remarks
18.6 References

 

Appendix A - Common Sources of Discrepancy and Confusion in Radar M&S
Appendix B - MATLAB Refresher (Online)
Appendix C - Simulink Refresher (Online)
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Author biographies
Index

Author

  • Carlos A. Dávila

    is a Principal Researcher and Chief Engineer at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). He has over 35 years of experience and is a leading expert in the field of radar system design and analysis, signal processing algorithm design and development, and modeling & simulation of advanced radar systems. Dr. Dávila received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Puerto Rico, an M.S. from University of California-Los Angeles, and a Ph.D. from the University of Arizona, all in electrical engineering. Dr. Dávila is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), and a Member of the Association of Old Crows (AOC). He has been lecturing in Georgia Tech Professional Education training courses on radar and EW for the last 20 years.

  • Glenn D. Hopkins

    is a Fellow and Principal Research Engineer at the Georgia Tech Research Institute. He is currently the Chief Engineer of the Antenna Systems Division of the Sensors and Electromagnetic Applications Laboratory. In his 36 years at GTRI he has contributed to and led numerous assessments, designs, prototypes, and system developments of radar, electronic warfare, and communications systems hardware. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE and has been very active with the Antennas and Propagation, Aerospace and Electronic Systems, and Microwave Theory and Techniques Societies. He is also a Life Member of the Association of Old Crows.

     

    Mr. Hopkins earned his B.S.E.E. in 1987 and his M.S.E.E. in 1991, both from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Since 1991, he has taught in over 300 continuing education course offerings with the Georgia Tech Professional Education. He currently leads five GTPE courses. Mr. Hopkins holds three U.S. and one European Patent in antenna and array technologies. He has received GTRI and IEEE recognition as a mentor, technical innovator, and educator.

  • Gregory A. Showman

    is a Principal Research Engineer at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), a GTRI Fellow, and a Georgia Institute of Technology Regents’ Researcher. He has over three decades of experience in advanced radiofrequency (RF) sensor research and development, with an emphasis on the design and implementation of innovative signal processing techniques for radar imaging, electronic protection, and multi-dimensional adaptive filtering.

     

    Dr. Showman's accomplishments include development of novel techniques for ultrawideband synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and high-precision turntable inverse SAR image formation, methods for polarimetric SAR calibration, electronic protection (EP) against jamming, and space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms and architectures for airborne and space-based ground moving target indication (GMTI) systems. While at GTRI, he has supported nearly two hundred short course offerings on the topics of airborne pulse-Doppler radar, SAR, EP, and advanced radar signal processing. Additionally, Dr. Showman is a Senior Member of the IEEE and author of two chapters in the Principles of Modern Radar textbook series on radar imaging and stripmap SAR.