Based on the author's real-world design experience in this key emerging area, this is the first single comprehensive guide to examine and directly compare all major RF power amplifier linearization techniques in detail. Packed with practical tips, more than 250 illustrations, and over 600 verified equations, the book saves you valuable design time while helping you avoid costly design errors. It covers the modeling and measurement of amplifier non-linearity, and describes the main methods for overcoming non-linearity in a wide range of applications, including: base stations using feedforward and predistortion; mobile communications systems and handsets using RF or digital predistortion, cartesian loop, LINC and envelope elimination and restoration (EE&R ); and satellite systems using any of these techniques.
Introduction: Distortion. The Requirement for Linearity. Effect of Nonlinearity on a W-CDMA System. Requirement for Linearity in Adaptive Antenna Systems. Organization of the Text. Distortion in Amplifiers: Amplitude Distortion. Two-Tone Test. Calculation of Intermodulation Distortion Ratio. Signals. Examples. Phase Distortion. White Noise Testing of Amplifier Linearity. Spurious. Signals. Cross-Modulation. Modeling of Amplifier Nonlinearities. RF Power Amplifier Design:Introduction. Power Semiconductors. Class-A Amplifiers. Class-B Amplifiers. Class-AB Amplifiers. Class-C Amplifiers. Class-D Amplifiers. Class-E Amplifiers. Class-F Amplifiers. Class-G and H Amplifiers. Class-S Amplifiers. Biasing for Linear Operation. Sources of Inequality for IM Products. Feedback Linearisation Techniques:Introduction. Feedback Theory. RF Feedback. Modulation Feedback. Polar-Loop Transmitter. Cartesian Loop Transmitter. Noise Performance of a Cartesian Loop. Practical Considerations with the Cartesian Loop Transmitter. Feedforward Systems: Basic Operation. Multiple Feedforward Loops. General Properties and Advantages. Gain and Phase Matching. Error Amplifier Design. Power Efficiency. Effect of Power Loss in the Main-Path Delay Element. Efficiency Improvement of a Feedforward Amplifier. Linear Distortion Correction in a Feedforward System. Temperature Drift and Component Aging. System Examples. Summary of Requirements for the Major System Components. Location and Matching Considerations. Loop Instability. Application Areas. Potential Advantages. Practical Results. Predistortion Techniques:Introduction. RF and IF Predistortion. Baseband Predistortion. Adaptive (Baseband) Predistortion. Postdistortion Linearisation. IMD Cancellation at the Antenna. Linear Transmitters Employing Signal Processing:Introduction. Envelope Elimination and Restoration. Linear Amplification Using Nonlinear Components. Vector Locked Loop. Combined Analogue-Locked Loop Universal Modulator-CALLUM. Linear Amplification by Sampling Techniques. Efficiency Boosting Systems: Doherty. Adaptive Bias. Envelope Tracking. Class-H Amplification. Dual-Bias Control. Refernces.
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Peter B. Kenington
Peter Kenington is director of advanced technology at Andrew Corporation. A fellow of the IEE and a senior member of the IEEE, he earned both a B.E. in electrical and electronics engineering and a Ph.D. in communications engineering from the University of Bristol, United Kingdom. Dr. Kenington is also the author of High Linearity RF Amplifier Design (Artech House, 2000).