MicroLEDs Devices and Systems introduces a theoretical framework, validated by experiments, in the form of a number of white-box analytic or semi-analytic mathematical models that are based on physics. It aims to assist in the design and manufacture of the best MicroLED devices for various applications, such as mobile displays, TV displays, augmented reality, and data communication systems.
This resource demonstrates the importance of MicroLEDs in addressing power consumption in mobile displays, brightness in TV displays, augmented reality, and parallel optical interconnect in data centers and artificial intelligence computer systems. With the mobile display industry's revenue exceeding $50 billion in 2020 and projected to be a significant portion of the display market by 2026, the importance of MicroLED technology is highlighted in this resource. It provides models for display systems and data communication systems to help system engineers understand and assess the gaps between commercially available MicroLEDs versus what is needed for a specific system.
Furthermore, the book addresses the emerging role of MicroLEDs in data communication, highlighting their potential to improve energy consumption, data rate, latency, and cost in semiconductor chip communication. This book is intended for engineers who desire to begin with physics-based intuition to design MicroLED-based systems within 80% accuracy, then follow with running experiments and more sophisticated models to capture the top 20% of design accuracy. This 80-20 approach is proven to work in many fields including the semiconductor industry.
1. MicroLEDs Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 What is a MicroLED?
1.3 Visible Light MicroLEDs
1.4 Types of MicroLED Structures
1.5 References
2. MicroLED Design—Physics and Technology
2.1. Introduction
2.2. MicroLED Structure and Operation
2.3. Quantum Confined Stark Effect (Wavefunction Polarization)
2.4. Mitigation of QCSE
2.5. Elementary Modeling Framework for MicroLED Operation
2.6. MicroLED Efficiency Enhancement Measures
2.7. References
3. MicroLED Forward Current-Voltage (I-V) Characteristics
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Related Models
3.3. Closed-Form Analytic I-V Model
3.4. Comparison with Experimental Data
3.5. Incorporation of Polarization Field
3.6. References
4. High-Speed Modulation of MicroLEDs
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Small Signal Modulation
4.3. Large Signal Modulation
4.4. Technological Implications
4.5. References
5. MicroLED Display System
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Battery Gap in Mobile Devices
5.3. MicroLED Display Power Calculations
5.4. Manufacturing of MicroLED Displays
5.5. Defect Management
5.6. References
6 MicroLED Data Communication Systems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Space Division Multiplexing (SDM)
6.3 System Design Framework
6.4 Potential System Application
6.5 References
7. Techno-Economics of MicroLEDs
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Theory
7.3. Techno-Economics of MicroLED Displays
7.4. References
8. Advanced MicroLED Concepts
8.1. Meta MicroLED
8.2. Meta Photodetector
8.3. Technologies for Efficient Scaled MicroLEDs
8.4. Tunnel Junction MicroLED
8.5. Structures to Enable Laser Release of MicroLEDs
8.6. Super Pixel Concept
8.7. MicroLEDs with Color Conversion Layers
8.8. Patterning QD Films
8.9. Structures Enabling Thin QD Films
8.10. Method to Extend QD Film Lifetime
8.11. Remote Epitaxy for Fabrication of MicroLEDs on 300mm Silicon Wafers
8.12. References
9. Potential Applications for MicroLEDs
9.1. Thermal Processing
9.2. Wafer/Glass Substrate Inspection System
9.3. MicroLED Pattern Printer (Maskless Lithography)
9.4. Dynamic Structured Light Projector
9.5. Structured Light Probe
9.6. Hyperspectral Imaging of Biological Tissues
9.7. Flow Cytometry
9.8. References
10. Epitaxial Growth of III-Nitride Light-Emitting Diodes
10.1. MBE Growth
10.2. MOCVD Growth
10.3. Epitaxy Cost of Ownership
10.4. Nanowire Light-Emitting Diode Growth
10.5. References