Written by leading experts in industry and academia, this authoritative resource offers you a solid understanding of radiometer systems and shows you how to design a system based on given specifications, taking into account both technical aspects and geophysical realities. The book provides you with a complete explanation of radiometer sensitivity, and describes the concept of absolute accuracy and it's associated problems. The four major radiometer principles - total power, Dicke, noise-injection, and correlation - are presented in detail and their sensitivities are derived from the basic sensitivity formula provided in the book. Additionally, you find detailed review of the DTU noise-injection radiometer system. This practical reference covers radiometer receivers on a block diagram level, helping you determine whether to use direct- or super-heterodyne receivers and describing how to a combine double sideband or single sideband mixer operation with a microwave preamplifier. The book introduces the basic concept of aperture synthesis, explaining the benefits of using it for remote sensing. Moreover, you gain a thorough understanding of synthetic aperture radiometers and are provided with real-world examples, including the ESTAR and HYDROSTAR sensors. This comprehensive book also covers the relationships between swathwidth, footprint, integration time, sensitivity, and frequency for satellite born, real aperture imaging systems.
Introduction.; Summary.; The Radiometer Receiver, Sensitivity and Accuracy - What is a Radiometer? The Sensitivity of the Radiometer. Absolute Accuracy.; Radiometer Principles - The Total Power Radiometer (TPR). The Dicke Radiometer (DR). The Noise-Injection Radiometer (NIR). The Correlation Radiometer. Other Radiometer Types.; Radiometer Receivers on Block Diagram Level - Receiver Principles. Dicke Radiometer. The Noise-Injection Radiometer. The Total Power Radiometer. Stability Considerations.; Example: The DTU Noise-Injection Radiometers.; Polarimetric Radiometers - Polarimetry and Stokes Parameters. Radiometric Signatures of the Ocean. Four Configurations. Sensitivities. Discussion of Configurations. The DTU Polarimetric System.; Synthetic Aperture Radiometer Principles -Introduction. Practical Considerations. Example: Rectangular Array with ideal DFT. ; Receiver Calibration and Linearity - Why Calibrate. Calibration Sources. Example: Calibration of the DTU 5 GHz Radiometer. Linearity Measured by Simple Means. Calibration of Polarimetric Radiometers.; Sensitivity and Accuracy: Experiments with Basic Radiometer Receivers - Background. The Radiometers Used in the Experiments. The Experimental Setup. 5GHz Sensitivity Measurements. Stability Measurements. Conclusions.; Radiometer Antennas and Real Aperture Imaging Considerations - Beam Efficiency and Losses. Antenna Types. Imaging Considerations. The Dwell Time per Footprint versus the Sampling Time in the Radiometer. Receiver Considerations for Imagers.; Relationships Between Swathwidth, Footprint, Integration time, Sensitivity, Frequency, and Other Parameters for Satellite-Borne Real Aperture Imaging Systems - Mechanical Scan. Push-Broom Systems. Summary and Discussion. Examples.; First Example of Spaceborne Imager: General Purposeù Mechanical Scanner - Background. System Considerations. Receiver Design. Antenna Design. Calibration and Linearity. System Issues. Summary.; Second Example of Spaceborne Imager: A Sea Salinity/Soil Moisture Push-Broom Radiometer System - Background. The Brightness Temperature of the Sea. The Brightness Temperature of Moist Soil. User Requirements for Geophysical and Spatial Resolution. A 1.4 GHz Push-Broom Radiometer System. Calibration. A Disturbing Factor: Faraday Rotation. Other Disturbing Factor: Space Radiation and Atmosphere. Summary.; Examples of Synthetic Aperture Radiometers -Introduction. Airborne Example: ESTAR. Spaceborne Example: Hydrostar. ;
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David Le Vine
David M. Le Vine works for the Instrumentation Sciences Branch of the Goddard Space Flight Center at NASA. Dr. Le Vine earned his M.S. in physics and electrical engineering and his Ph.D. in electrical engineering, both at the University of Michigan.
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Neils Skou
Niels Skou a professor at the Technical University of Denmark, where he earned both his Ph.D. and Dr.Sc. in electrical engineering. Previously, he worked for the Microwave Sensors Branch of the Goddard Space Flight Center at NASA.