With more than 15 billion Wi-Fi enabled devices, Wi-Fi has proven itself as a technology that has successfully evolved over the past 25 years. The need for high-speed connectivity is growing, as Wi-Fi has evolved into a fundamental utility that is expected to be available everywhere. This comprehensive resource covers six generations of Wi-Fi standards including protocol, implementation, and network deployment for both residential and enterprise environments. It will provide readers with a new understanding of how to approach and debug basic Wi-Fi problems, and will grant those wondering whether to pick 5G or Wi-Fi 6 for their product the clarity needed to make an informed decision.
Readers will find in-depth coverage of Wi-Fi encryption and authentication methods, including explorations of recently uncovered security vulnerabilities and how to fix them. This book also provides detailed information on the implementation of Wi-Fi, including common regulatory and certification requirements, as well its associated challenges. This book also provides direction on the placement of Wi-Fi access points in indoor locations. It introduces the most recent Wi-Fi 6E certification, which defines requirements for devices operating on the newly opened 6 GHz band. Wi-Fi 6 is then compared with 5G technology, and this resource provides insight into the benefits of each as well as how these two technologies can be used to complement each other.
1 Introduction
1.1 Why and When Wi-Fi started?
1.2 Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) Layers
1.3 IEEE and WFA
1.4 Organization of Chapters to Follow
2 Wi-Fi Generations 1 to 5 Overview
2.1 MAC Layer Overview
2.2 PHY Layer Overview
2.3 Downlink Multiuser-MIMO (MU-MIMO) in Wi-Fi 5
3 Wi-Fi Generation 6 (802.11ax)
3.1 HE PPDU
3.2 OFDMA
3.2.1 Downlink
3.3 MU-MIMO
3.4 Single User Vs Multi-User scheduling
3.5 Power Save – Target Wake Time (TWT)
3.6 OMI : Changing Capabilities Without Re-association
3.7 Multi-BSS
3.8 Spatial Reuse
3.9 MU RTS
3.10 DCM for Extended Range
3.11 Wi-Fi6 Benefits in Dense Deployments
4 Wi-Fi 6E – Entering 6GHz band
4.1 FILS Discovery
4.2 Out of band Network Discovery
4.3 Optimized Connectivity Experience (OCE)
4.4 Agile Multiband
5 Wireless Security
5.1 MAC Filtering
5.2 Encryption
5.3 Authentication
5.4 Wi-Fi Protected Setup
5.5 WPA3
5.6 Open Wireless Encryption
5.7 Secure Fast Roaming
5.8 Security Monitoring
6 Wi-Fi Positioning (802.11mc)
6.1 Wi-Fi RTT Packet Exchange Timing Diagram
6.2 RTT Device Calibration
6.3 Triangulation
7 Wi-Fi Implementation
7.1 Hardware
7.2 Software
7.3 Regulatory Requirements in 2.4GHz, 5GHz and 6GHz Bands
8 Wi-Fi Deployment
8.1 Residential vs. Enterprise
8.2 Ethernet Backhaul, Power Over Ethernet and Mesh
8.3 Planning
8.4 Placement
9 Wi-Fi6 and 5G
9.1 Comparison of Wi-Fi6 and 5G PHY
9.2 Spider diagram
9.3 Licensed Vs Unlicensed Spectrum
9.4 Private LTE/5G and CBRS
9.5 Why Wi-Fi6 has its place?
9.6 Thoughts and Concluding Remarks
10 60 GHz Wi-Fi
10.1 802.11ad Overview
10.2 802.11ay Overview
10.3 Use cases
11 Conclusion
Appendix
A. IEEE Standardization Process
B. 802.11 Alphabet Soup
C. WFA Certification